• Vision
• our most dominating sense
• the height of a wave gives us it's intensity (brightness) 
• the length of the wave give us it's true (color)
• the longer the wave the more red
• the shorter of the wavelength the more violet

• Transduction 
• transforming signals into neural impulses.
• information goes from the sense to the thalamus, then in the various areas in the brain
• light energy to vision 
• chemical energy to smell and taste

• Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic ( three colors) Theory
• types of cones
• red
• blue, green
• these types of cones can make millions of combination of colors

• Opponent-process Theory
• the sensory receptor come in pairs 
• red/ Green, yellow/blue, black and white
• if one color is stimulated the other is in hibited

• Hearing
• we hear sound waves 
• the height of the wave gives us the amplitude of the sound
• the frequency pf the waves give us the pitch of the sound
• the longer the wave length the low the pitch
• the shorter the wave length the higher of the pitch.

•   Transduction in the ear
• sound waves hit the eardrum then anvil then hammer then stirrup then oval window
• everything just vibrating
• then the cochlea vibrates 
• the cochlea is lines with mucus called basilar membrane 
• In the basilar membrane there are hair cell
• when the hair cells vibrate they turn vibration into neural impulses which called organ of corti sent them to thalamus up auditory nerve.

• Pitch theory
• place: theory different hairs vibrate in the cochlea when there are different pitches.
• so some hairs vibrate when they hear high pitches and other vibrate when they hear low pitches

• Frequency Theory
• all of the hair vibrate but at different speeds.

• deafness 
• conduction 
• something goes wrong with the sound and the vibration on the way to the cochlea
• you can place the bones or get a hearing aid to help
• Nerve (sensorineural ) deafness the hair cells in the cochlea get damaged 
• loud noises can cause this type of deafness,
• No way to replace the hairs
• cochlea implant is possible.

• Smell and Taste
• Sensory interaction the principle that one sense may influence another

• Taste
• we have bumps on our tongue called papillae
• Taste buds are located on the papillae ( they area actually all over our mouth)

• Touch 
• receptors located in our skin
• Gate control Theory of pain
• cora contain a neurological gate that blocks the pain signals or allows to pass onto the brain

• Vestibular sense
• tell us where our body in oriented in space our sense of balance 

• Kinesthetic
• tell us where our body part are
• receptors located in our muscle and joints

• Perception
•  the process of organizing and interpreting information enabling us to recognize meaningful object or events 

• Gestalt philosophy
• the whole is greater than the sum of it's parts

• Figure ground relationship
• the organization of the visual field into objects(figure) 
• that stand out from their surrounding (ground)

• grouping
• the perceptual tendency to organized stimuli into groups that we understand
• proximity, similarity,

• depth perception
• the ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the reting are two dimensional allows us to judge distance

• Binocular Cues
• the closer an object comes to you the greater the disparity is between the two image
• retinal disparity an binocular cue for seeing depth